Lipid Composition of Carduus thoermeri Weinm., Onopordum acanthium L. and Silybum marianum L., Growing in Bulgaria

I. ZHELEV¹, P. MERDZHANOV², М. ANGELOVA-ROMOVA³, M. ZLATANOV³, G. ANTOVA³, I. DIMITROVA-DYULGEROVA³ and A. STOYANOVA^2
1 Medical University of Varna, Faculty of Pharmacy, BG - 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
² University of Food Technologies, BG - 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
³ University of Plovdiv ”Paisij Hilendarski”, BG - 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract

ZHELEV, I., P. MERDZHANOV, М. ANGELOVA-ROMOVA, M. ZLATANOV, G. ANTOVA, I. DIMITROVA-DYULGEROVA and A. STOYANOVA, 2014. Lipid composition of Carduus thoermeri Weinm., Onopordum acanthium L. and Silybum marianum L., growing in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 622-627

 

Seed oil chemical composition of wild growing Carduus thoermeri Weinm., Onopordum acanthium L. and Silybum marianum L. were studied for the first time in Bulgaria, by using GC, HPLC, TL C and spectrophotometrical methods. The major components of fatty acids were oleic (342 - 530 g.kg^-1), linoleic (176 - 511 g.kg^-1) and palmitic (99 - 150 g.kg^-1). α-tocopherol was the main component in the tocopherol fraction of O. acanthium seeds (911 g.kg^-1). In the sterol fraction the main components were β-sitosterol (546 - 632 g.kg^-1) and campesterol (128 - 156 g.kg^-1). Phosphatidylinositol was with the highest concentration in the phospolipid fraction (317 g.kg^-1 in C. thoermeri and 320 g.kg^-1 in O. acanthium). Due to content of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and phytosterols, the seeds of these widespread species (especially O. acanthium) could be utilized as a valuable oil source for human consumption.

Key words: Carduus thoermeri, Onopordum acanthium, Silybum marianum, seeds, lipid composition
Abrreviations: FAME (fatty acid methyl esters), GC (gas chromatography), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), TL C (thin layer chromatography)

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